SOYBEAN MEAL
Listing description
Soybean meal is used in food
and animal feeds, principally as a protein supplement, but also as a source of
metabolizable energy. Typically 1 bushel (i.e. 60 lbs. or 27.2 kg) of soybeans
yields 48 lbs. (21.8 kg) of soybean meal.
Detailed description
Some, but not all, soybean meal is produced
from the residue left after oil extraction. (Removal of the oil, which is used
mostly in food, but also for industrial oils, soaps and biodiesel, involves crushing
and either pressing or solvent extraction.) Some, but not all, soybean meal
contains ground soybean hulls. Soybean meal is heat-treated during production,
to denature the trypsin inhibitors of soybeans, which would otherwise interfere
with protein digestion.
Major kinds of soybean meal
Three main kinds of soybean meal are produced:
•
full-fat soybean meal, made from whole soybeans. It has a high metabolizable
energy concentration. (For example, metabolizable energy for swine in this
product is about 3.69 megacalories (i.e. 15.4 MJ) per kg dry matter.) Crude
protein concentration is about 38 percent (as fed).[2] This kind of product is
sometimes fed to various classes of livestock.
•
defatted soybean meal, containing no hulls. This product has an intermediate
energy concentration. (For example, metabolizable energy for swine in this
product is about 3.38 megacalories (i.e. 14.1 MJ) per kg dry matter.) Crude
protein concentration is about 48 percent.[2] This percentage [which is
commonly used in describing the product] is calculated at the typical as-fed
moisture content of 88 percent.[4] Thus, crude protein
concentration expressed on a dry matter basis is 54 percent.[5] This product is commonly fed to
swine, broilers and layers.[2]
•
defatted soybean meal, containing soybean hulls. The hulls are readily
digestible by ruminant livestock.[6][5][7] This product is often fed as a
protein supplement for domestic ruminants. Ruminant-metabolizable energy
concentration is about 3.0 megacalories (i.e. about 12.5 MJ) per kg dry matter,[5] and crude protein concentration
is about 44 percent.[2] The latter percentage [which is
commonly used in describing the product] is calculated at the typical as-fed
moisture content of 90 percent[4] Thus, crude protein
concentration on a dry matter basis is 49 percent.[5]
Use in animal feed
Globally, about 98 percent of soybean meal is used
as animal feed.[8] Of the US soybean
production magnitude from 2010 through 2012, about 44 percent was exported as
soybeans, and 53 percent was crushed in the US. Of the crushed tonnage, 19
percent was recovered as soybean oil and the remainder was recovered as soybean
meal. Of the total US soybean tonnage produced, about 35 percent was fed to US
livestock and poultry as soybean meal. Most of the remaining soybean meal
produced in the US was exported.[9] It has been
estimated that, of soy meal fed to animals in the US, 48 percent is fed to
poultry, 26 percent to swine, 12 percent to beef cattle, 9 percent to dairy
cattle, 3 percent is used in fish feed and about 2 percent in pet food.[10] Although this
implies that the tonnage of soybean meal fed to other species is relatively
minor, such use is not unimportant. For example, for rapidly growing lambs on
low-protein feeds, soybean meal can be an important supplement to ensure
adequate protein intake,[11] and partly because
of its palatability, soybean meal is often recommended for use in starter
rations when creep feeding lambs.
Uses as human food
Globally, about 2 percent of soybean meal is used for
soy flour and other products for human consumption.[8] Soy flour “provides
the basis for some soy milks and vegetable protein”, and is marketed as
full-fat, low-fat, defatted and lecithinated types.
Phytoestrogens
Most studies of phytoestrogens in soy have
identified the isoflavones genistein and daidzein as its principal
phytoestrogenic substances. For several soy flour samples analyzed by various
persons using high-performance liquid chromatography, daidzein content ranged
from 226 to 2100 micrograms per gram, and genistein content ranged from 478 to
1123 micrograms per gram. For four analyses of defatted soy meal, the
concentrations were 616 and 753 micrograms per gram, respectively; for one
analysis of soybean meal (whole), concentrations were 706 and 1000 micrograms
per gram, respectively.[16] Although
reproductive physiology of sheep is particularly sensitive to phytoestrogens,[17]soybean meal
supplementation of ewe lambs or ewes on pasture in some studies has been found
to have no detrimental effect on reproductive performance.
Packaging details
20KG AND 50KG BAGS
PRICE
$O.33/KG
For more information:
mobile: +2348039721941
contact person: emeaba uche
website: www.franchiseminerals.com
e-mail: emeabau@yahoo.com
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